Various Perspectives on Free Will Essay - 3181 Words

Free will defines the role we play in our own lives. Whether we have it or not maybe the key in linking our world to forces and dimensions beyond what we can see. But, if we do really have free will, it may leave us a solitary species. A scary thought in the realm of the 46 billion lightyear universe in which we are left to make choices on our tiny speck of dirt planet. Defined by Timothy O’Conner in The Stanford Encyclopedia free will is â€Å"a philosophical term of art for a particular sort of capacity of rational agents to choose a course of action from among various alternatives.† O’Conner suggests that the freedom of will is associated with rationality. From this, the question becomes, where does rationality originate? The originator,†¦show more content†¦However, determinism has received criticism because it lacks a role for beings to play a part in their own lives. Appealing to those who believe in the ability of one to make free choices, indeterminism is a concept that opposes the notion of any external determining factors. Evidence for indeterminism comes from principles of existentialism, theories of chaos and randomness. The indeterminist belief that we do have free will and it is absolute, resonates in the work of philosopher John Paul Sartre. In his 1946 lecture, Sartre presented his distinguishing idea of â€Å"Existence precedes essence.† This leading existentialist argument supports an indeterminist perspective on the freedom of will. He elaborates on his principle saying, â€Å"Man first of all exists†¦ and defines himself afterwards...Man simply is.. Not that he is simply what he conceives himself to be, but he is what he wills†¦ after already existing.† We are born a clean slate, without plans or any preset ideas, from there our choices, based off our will, create who we are. In terms of a free will extent s cale, Sartre’s philosophy lies at a 10, believing that choices are made solely by man himself. Those choices define who the individual is, evident in his claim, â€Å"Man is nothing else but that which he makes of himself.† Therefore, the freedom of choice is all an individual is, and is a necessary aspect of being. Sartre criticizes determinism as anShow MoreRelatedAccounting and the Development of Society1495 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom a social rather than economic perspective. In this case, the society emanates from the established relationships by individuals in order to coexist with each other. Generally, a society is classified into various aspects i.e. political, social, economic, and organizational arenas. The proper functioning of the society requires effective communication between these distinct arenas. 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This handling of relationship under IR is further divided into three main theories, Neorealism, NeoliberalismRead MoreA Free-Trade Agreement Between the US and Europe1517 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Perspectives a) Sino-Russian China and Russia are major trading partners specifically in areas like capital, resources, technology and manpower.They are aiming to increase bilateral trade between them; however with the economic downturn they might face some challenges in doing so. b) Chile and Argentina Argentina is one of the top vegetable oil producers in the world-due to low domestic consumption and high productivity- with Chile as a main buyer. After a tariff reclassification in 1999Read MoreAnalysis Of Do You Have Free Will By John Tierney709 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Do You Have Free Will? Yes, It’s the Only Choice,† explores the notion of free will and exhibits how belief or disbelief in free will affects an individual’s life. 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That our choices are ultimately affected by the situations around us that lead to choice we make. When viewing perspective we can decided that ultimately what around can shape us to do good or bad. This question ultimately leads us to an overwhelming question when it comes to the freedom we have in life andRead MoreProstitution : A Feminist Perspective1655 Words   |  7 Pagesprostitution in the American society. Laurie Shrage is a radical feminist who explains that prostitution degrades females in various forms; for example, female prostitutes are in many cases assaulted by th eir male clients (Hubbard, 2012). Other notable feminists who have discourage prostitution activities are Kethleen Barry, Laura Lederer, and Julie Bindel. The Breaking Free organization is located in Minnesota. 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Administering, Implementing, And Providing Treatment Under...

administering, implementing, and providing treatment under such a multi-structured system can be complicated. The authors examine a treatment provider, who operates multiple facilities on the West Coast. This provider annually serves clients suffering from alcohol and drug addiction. About a third of their clients are residential, the remaining clients are outpatient. In addition, this provider offers services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for chronically addicted individuals. Like other substance abuse programs, they are striving to meet policymakers and regulators’ specifications for evidence-based practices and making admissions decisions based on state required criteria centered on a continuum of care, mandated treatment, and ability to pay. Substance abuse programs cooperate and contend with a remarkable number and variety of stakeholder organizations, institutions, and individuals. They invest substantial resources in building and maintaining effective collaborations wit h stakeholders and work with many facets of the community to meet treatment needs while complying with regulations, ordinances, and payer requirements. This provider must cater to regulators’ demands for bookkeeping, reports, and certifications. Management and staff work together to build linkages with the local drug court, cultivate relationships with local senators and representatives, foster collaboration with the local police department, and partner with theShow MoreRelatedNebosh Paper 1 Q a8538 Words   |  35 Pagesof monitoring as part of a health and safety management system (Sept 2008) (6) (b) Identify the (i) active (proactive), and (ii) reactive measures by which an organization can monitor its health and safety performance. (5) (5) (c) Explain why monitoring reports should be submitted to the chief executive or managing director of the organization. (4) Answer: a) The importance of monitoring as part of a health and safety management system is it reinforces managements commitment to health and safetyRead MoreNebosh Paper 1 Q a8545 Words   |  35 Pagesimportance of monitoring as part of a health and safety management system (Sept 2008) (6) (b) Identify the (i) active (proactive), and (ii) reactive measures by which an organization can monitor its health and safety performance. (5) (5) (c) Explain why monitoring reports should be submitted to the chief executive or managing director of the organization. (4) Answer: a) The importance of monitoring as part of a health and safety management system is it reinforces managements commitment to health and safetyRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Leadership Of The Private Sector Within Malaysia8584 Words   |  35 Pagesgap for plurality in culture consisting of multi-faceted team members from dissimilar backgrounds. 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Balance Sheet and Times Better Ratio free essay sample

Calculate the current ratio for each company. Then, based only on the current ratio answer the following: Which company is more likely to get the loan? Why? Now, calculate the acid-test ratio and see if this changes your opinion. The acid-test ratio is similar to the current ratio, however it does not include the value of the firms inventory. Because inventory is often difficult to sell, this ratio is considered an even more reliable measure of a businesss ability to pay loans than the current ratio. 2. Calculate the acid-test ratio for each business. Then discuss whether this additional calculation confirms your previous decision (that was based only on the current ratio) or if you would change your decision. Be specific The current ratios for the two companies are: Potz and Pans was 5. And the acid-test ratio was 1. 66 Wanna Bees was 1. 76 and acid-test ratio was 0. 294 The Potz and Pans Company are likely to get the loan because it has a 5 times better ratio of being able to pay. We will write a custom essay sample on Balance Sheet and Times Better Ratio or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page WannaBees would not get the loan because; they don’t have enough liquid assets to cover short terms debt. I would not change my original decision about who I would give the loan to; WannaBees would be considered a high risk in Current ratio and Acid-test ratio. Because they have no Liquidity, no liquid assets that can be quickly turned into cash.

International Business Transactions and Strategies

Introduction International business involves business transactions taking place across national boundaries. The business involves large and small firms, as well as those with strategic alliances within the global market. However, there are several distinctions made depending on the nature of strategies applied by firms based on organizational and functional decisions comprising of financial, administrative, marketing, human resource management and operational decisions (World Trade Organization, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Transactions and Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Liberalization of both trade and investment has contributed towards growth and development of international business within the last few decades. International business differs from domestic enterprises based on across borders strategies and systems of operations. These include unique government syste ms, taxes and duties, foreign currencies as well as different cultures amongst other systems (Allen and Raynor, 2004). International business can be valued based on comparative advantage of various countries. Such aspects consider the fact that each nation specializes in production of some unique goods and services based on presence and abundance of factors of production (Allen and Raynor, 2004). At the same time, firms are differentiated in terms of kind of resources available for utilization which guarantees them competitive advantage based on quality of products and services offered. Changes within resource needs, product life cycles and domestic markets create some need within firms to invest in international markets. Outline explanation of the chosen international organization Levendary Cafà © comprises of a chain of 3500 cafes including Denver soup, salad and sandwich restaurants. The Cafà © operations were managed by Mia Foster serving at the capacity of being the new CEO. The company’s fundamentals are recognized as having stronger basis and, at the same time, performance based on objective management forecasts. Additionally, the company boasts of strong international brand despite being tapped out of domestic market. The restaurant entered the Chinese market with unique changes in their marketing strategies such as using different design of stores and menus for the purposes of appealing to local consumers. Levendary Cafà © is famous for its wholesome soups, salads, and sandwiches made of high-quality ingredients. The cafà © has numerous operational centers within the United States with headquarters in Denver. These locations are characterized by comfortable and friendly environment. The company recruits highly skilled and professional staff and at the same time operates under attractive tagline and brand image which identifies the restaurant’s food the one that makes people feel rich. Description of the global business environment th e company operates considering the industry, main competitors, and the biggest challengesAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Competitive environments usually vary from country to country based on economic, political and cultural dimensions. Level of competition existing between firms in international markets varies depending on the country of operation (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1987). Good example can be derived from the scenario between two countries i.e. the US and China, whereby owners of a majority businesses in the US are private companies hence competition only arises within the private sector. This is contrary to business operations within People’s Republic of China where businesses were owned by the state hence making it difficult for multinational companies from the United States to compete favorably within Chinese market. Chinese market provides potential base for business operations based on the population density. The country seems ripe for investment firms with the rising urban middle-class population. Chinese food services industry experiences growth due to increase in the number of women professional workforce and increasing trend of eating out. However, the interest of the majority of population inclines towards their cultural beliefs making consumers more attracted to restaurants serving Asian food at affordable prices (Kogut and Singh, 1988). At the same time, Chinese consumers consume less diary products demanding that any foreign based restaurant such as Levendary should reduce supply of diary related products. This is contrary to the United States market where majority prefer diary products such as cheese soup. Company’s major challenge revolves around low returns, competition from a wide variety of regional food suppliers, such as local restaurants. Major competitors within Chinese market include KFC which is considered as most successful foreign fast food restaurant in the Chinese market, because KFC entered the market through joint venture partnership which enabled them to adopt local management styles as well as become appealing to local consumers. The other foreign competitor is McDonalds who penetrated the Chinese market through its unique menus, as well as affordable prices affordable for younger generation. There is also Pizza Hut, operating in Chinese market through utilization of its uniqueness in satisfying the needs within high-end casual dining restaurants. Competition within the US food service industry comprises of various privately owned restaurants offering various food categories with services based on time, nature of dinning offered either casual or table dinning services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Transactions and Strategies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, restaurant and c ontract food service industry is known to be very lucrative within international market depending on locations. The sector operates in over 9000 locations within the United States. At the same time, the industry is characterized by high level fragmentations amongst multi-unit restaurant concepts and also involves presence of independent operators and major operators such as McDonald’s and Starbucks. According to analysis from the case study, Chinese taste is satisfied through Quick Casual categories of restaurants comprising of concepts such as Panda Express. Despite all these, Levendary cafà © planned to operate more wholesome choices compared to other Quick service concepts. The industry’s cost structure appears to be relatively simple and sub-divided into occupancy, labor, food and supply costs that appear conducive within international market. Describe the organizational structure of the company Lavendary Cafà © operates based on complex organizational structure with headquarters in the United States. Various activities are represented within the organizational structure, with the structure comprising of Chief Concept Officer (CCO) assisting in the process of ensuring that the restaurant maintains top United States market concept. The CCO ensures that food is developed to cater for various needs within different target markets and also focuses on satisfying upcoming trends through application of right market strategies such as upgrading food taste (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 1995). Marketing department reports to CCO, and are majorly involved in publicity of company’s outlets and franchise stores, this enables adequate creation of awareness amongst consumers. Management team ensures proper running and planning within company’s premises which includes placement of menu boards, table tents as well as banners. Marketing team also indulges determination of pricing mechanisms (Kostova, 1999). The various pricing mechanisms which can be used by the company include; international, geographical and psychological pricing. International pricing is where different prices are charged on same goods depending on region and nature of environment of operation. Such decisions are made based on various factors such as country’s economic conditions, marketing objectives and also consumer perceptions. Geographical pricing involves pricing goods and services based on geographical zones and Psychology pricing where consumers’ rate quality based on prices attached on goods and services provided. Then there is also department comprising of fully scaled test kitchen and food science laboratory working under CCO. The food team is responsible for conducting various quality checks within all Levendary cafes ensuring food tastes change in accordance with cultural beliefs of the target market segment. Then there are store managers reporting to district managers manning operations within various regions, these managers report to area directors which ultimately operated under market vice presidents (Ghoshal and Bartlett, 1995).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company’s organization structure ensures that strict operational standards, policies and practices are maintained. The same organization structure comprises of Chief Franchise Officer undertaking the responsibility of supervising franchised Levendary’s stores. Business development team ensures that right strategies are applied within international expansion processes and also endowed with responsibility of undertaking research licensing within new markets (Pothukuchi et al., 2002). Explanation on various impacts of culture on business’s activities around the world From international business perspective, cultural environment comprises critical aspects with significant impact on market environments. This is since culture comprises of commonly held general beliefs and values amongst different groups of people within one nation. Various models tend to explain impact of cultural values on businesses, these include individual dimension, degree of response towards risks, issues based on gender, as well as power dimensions. Nations enforce different individual values on citizens influencing their choice of goods. Response towards risks describes the degree of acceptance on uncertainties associated with introduction of new products within the country. Power distance refers to the level to which a nation uses its power to manipulate and control business operations. Issues on gender revolve around respect for both male and female traditional values. Such models have proved necessary in the process of exploring management approaches appropriate for different cultures (London and Hart, 2004). The company’s culture focuses on delighting consumers with their products and services. This was translated and incorporated within their local menus found in urban, suburban, as well as rural set-ups across all company branches. However, this is contrary to other multi-nationals such as McDonalds where one menu is created for entire company branches. Various social and cultural practices within Eastern Europe and China seem to be quite different from that of Americans, original Levendary Cafà ©. Such differences usually affect level of sales within some regions. Major differences exist in religion and social lifestyles which affect demand levels of restaurant products and services since they dictate consumer buying patterns (Pothukuchi et al., 2002). Some of the common cultural beliefs may, at some point, determine the branding nature of most companies based on the need to identify with consumers within target market. For example, market existing in Eastern Europe is usually known for diversified attitude towards food and beverage products from other regions, especially coffee products. At the same time, marketing team from any multinational company needs to deal with issues surrounding language barrier. This is since effective communication is the key to successful marketing and sale of products (Pothukuchi et al., 2002). Ther e is need for Multinationals to consider granting natives of any market segment employment opportunities for the purposes of identifying and easily complying with native’s cultures. Such circumstances require complete change and approach within communication channels whereby products are ultimately linked to prevailing culture within various markets. Operations management and marketing teams require strategies capable of dealing with cultural gaps within countries such as China since this ensures adequate penetration of foreign firms (Furrer et al., 2008). Varied cultural perceptions on western products within Asian and Far-East countries determine demand and level of sales. In some instances, they shy away from western products due to fear of alienation by western tastes, religion and ethnicity. Highly populated regions like those of Eastern Asia present good market base for international products and services. Overall, sales are often affected by frequent political instabil ity within such regions. However, US regions anticipate high urban population due to industrialization which has led to increase in consumer demands for products and services. At the same time, various regions within Eastern Europe experience constant changes within their legal systems hence may adopt the kind of marketing strategies applicable in the United States. In some regions, media content are screened before releasing to consumers (Rowley, 2010). Countries such as China operate under some forms of media restrictions since they have to conform to religious beliefs and cultural creativity. Kind of legal structures enforced determines consumers’ responses within domestic market segments (Kogut and Singh, 1988). Another company that tries to employ strategic entrepreneurship is McDonald’s, a renowned firm in its industry that tries to employ global management, but acts significantly under the local context (McDonald’s, 2010). McDonald’s is an internat ional food chain that has thousands of outlets across the globe. This company provides products and services depending on consumer needs hence providing products that have considerable diversification in order to establish brand name, and at the same time, cater for prevailing cultural needs when it comes to supplying foodstuff across regions. For instance, McDonald’s in India does not serve beef even if in its other outlets outside the country, since it has become its primary fast-moving product. This means that the firm eventually tries to seek the opportunity to cater for international market through trying to act within local domains (McDonald’s, 2010). The company avoids undergoing certain moves capable of centralizing its production processes since there are many factors to be considered beforehand. These include culture and other relevant heritage associated with the existence of a prevailing culture within the society. Operations within various market environme nts based on geographical set-up, population and other potential measures require much consideration. East European nations usually uphold principles of bureaucracy making it difficult for foreign multinationals to make significant penetration. This is since these nations are cautious of any form of colonization from any western nation through their business operations. Additionally, manufacturers require elaborate considerations on marketing principles capable of capturing customers. Despite threats posed to multinationals, there is need to invest in substantial marketing processes through application of modern and available technology within such interior regions. At the same time, uniqueness of products and services offered by the Company acts as the best source of convincing power that can be utilized to attract consumers to company’s brand (London and Hart, 2004). There is a necessity to use different strategy approaches within various regional markets. Similar strategie s can only work in cases where destination markets share closely some cultural relations with countries of origin. In such cases, same management values and corporate cultures are applicable. Products and services offered in Eastern Asia countries should have different tastes from those supplied in European countries. This prevents cases of incurring huge losses where management utilizes the use of similar strategies. Multinationals should encourage marketing strategies appropriate in these countries where majority of those within management team are employed from target destinations (Alden et al., 1999). Identify the key management issues the chosen organization faces The company faces the challenge of balancing between strategic management and competitive advantage. It is evident from the case study that strategic management would always lead to competitive advantage (Rumelt et al., 1991). However, whether or not the concerned competitive advantage is sustainable, there are releva nt proofs that are necessary in order to justify the claim that there is no such existence of sustainable competitive advantage because of the frequent presence of innovation (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1987). The competitive advantage of Levendary Cafà © in the first place compares to other key players within the same industry based on brand name. However, their brand is unique, and one of its kind. The company’s strategic moves may not be that unique at all considering the fact that there are many key players trying to imitate what it has already built. Aside from the fact that this firm establishes its name in the international context, it has the ability to promote the idea of trying to serve its target customers with the product they deserve under the local context. For this reason, this firm has the chance to serve its customers with appropriate product service offerings that they need and deserve. Conclusion Global marketing at some point involves inclusion of Internationa l joint ventures which act as potential guides for foreign firms within local markets. This enables foreign companies to find easy access to local customers. In addition, the firm’s image receives some uplift as many consumers require assurance of their local firms before associating with any foreign products. At times, it is referred to as third-party endorsement. There are other ways in which foreign firms can access resources from destined markets. These include: getting a license, signing contracts, forming alliances amongst application of other market strategies. Joint ventures are mainly preferred because they perform better than privately owned multinational firms. References Alden, D., Steenkamp, M., Batra, R., (1999). Brand positioning through advertising in Asia, North America and Europe: The role of global consumer culture. Journal of Marketing, (63): 75-87. Allen, D Raynor, M. (2004). Preparing for a New Global Business Environment: Divided and Disorderly or Int egrated and Harmonious? Journal of Business Strategy, 5 (25): 16–25. Bartlett, C. Ghoshal, S.(1987). Managing across borders: New organizational responses. MIT Sloan Management Review, 1 (29): 43-54. Furrer, O., Tomas, H. Goussevskaia, A. (2008). The structure and evolution of the strategic management field: A content analysis of 26 years of strategic management research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 1 (10):1-23. Ghoshal, S. Bartlett, C. (1995). Changing the role of Top management: Beyond structure to processes. Harvard Business Review, 1 (73): 86-96. Kogut, B. Singh, H. (1988). The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode.  Journal of International Business Studies, 3(9): 411-432. Kostova, T. (1999).Transnational transfer of strategic organizational practices: A contextual perspective. Academy of Management Review, 2 (24):308-324. London, T, Hart S.L. (2004). Reinventing Strategies for Emerging Markets: Beyond the Transnational Model. Jou rnal of International Business Studies, 5 (35): 350–370. McDonald’s. (2010). Company Information. Web. Pothukuchi, V, Damanpour, F, Choi, J, Chen, C Park, H. (2002). National and organizational culture differences and international joint venture performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 2 (33): 243–265. Rowley, M. (2010). How nonprofits are using social media for real results. Web. Rumelt, R, Schendel, D, Teece, D. (1991). Strategic management and economics.  Strategic Management Journal, 1(12): 5-29. World Trade Organization. (2009). â€Å"Trade and Investment Statisticsâ€Å". Web. This essay on International Business Transactions and Strategies was written and submitted by user Arianna Richards to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Definition and Examples of Direct Address in English

Definition and Examples of Direct Address in English In English grammar  and rhetoric, direct address is a construction in which a speaker or writer communicates a message directly to another individual or group of individuals. The person who is addressed may be identified by name,  nickname, the pronoun you, or an expression  thats  either friendly or unfriendly.   Conventionally, the name of the individual whos addressed is set off by a comma or a pair of commas. Direct Address Examples and Observations Hey SpongeBob,  can I borrow the cheese bucket?(Patrick in SpongeBob SquarePants)Youve been given a gift, Peter. With great power, comes great responsibility.(Cliff Robertson as Ben Parker in Spider-Man 2, 2004)Smokey, my friend, you are entering a world of pain.(John Goodman as Walter Sobchak in The Big Lebowski, 1998Frankly, my dear, I dont give a damn!(Rhett Butlers final words to Scarlett OHara in Margaret Mitchells novel, Gone With the Wind, 1936Richard Vernon: My office is right across that hall. Any monkey business is ill-advised. Any questions?John Bender: Yeah, I have a question. Does Barry Manilow know that you raid his wardrobe?Richard Vernon: Youll get the answer to that question, Mr. Bender, next Saturday.(Paul Gleason and Judd Nelson in The Breakfast Club, 1985)Ilsa: Play it, Sam. Play As Time Goes By.Sam: Oh, I cant remember it, Miss Elsa. Im a little rusty on it.(Ingrid Bergman and Dooley Wilson in Casablanca, 1942Ilsa, Im no good at being noble, but it doesnt take much to see that the problems of three little people dont amount to a hill of beans in this crazy world. Someday youll understand that. Now, now . . .. Heres looking at you, kid.(Humphrey Bogart in Casablanca, 1942 And you, my father, there on the sad height,Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.Do not go gentle into that good night.Rage, rage against the dying of the light.(Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night)You idiot, what  are you doing working in this poorhouse crammed with rotten guavas full of maggots, and you rotting just like them?(Reinaldo Arenas, The Palace of the White Skunks, trans. by  Andrew Hurley, 1991)Hey, you old bastard, Chick said. How you doin?  Chick came down the final two steps, pushed Tommy aside, grabbed Franciss hand, threw an arm around his shoulder, slapped his back. You old bastard,  Chick said. â€Å"Where you been?(William Kennedy, Very Old Bones,  1992) Direct Address and the Pronoun You It is clear that a  term of address is always  closely linked with the pronoun you,  which in itself has vocative qualities. One could say, in fact, that whenever pronominal you  is used in direct address, vocative you is implicitly present.  The two kinds of you  are inextricably bound together, though  in an utterance like You! What do you think youre doing! the first you is clearly vocative, where the others are pronominal.Pronominal and vocative you differ in their attitudinal marking. The former is neutral, the latter unfriendly.  Pronominal you also conforms to normal rules of syntax; vocative you does not need to do so. Vocative you,  finally, allows substitution. In You! What do you think youre doing! vocative you could be replaced by darling, John, you stupid fool, and innumerable other terms of address, all of which could be described as vocative-you variants. That point is significant because the  corollary of my statement that vocative you is always im plicitly present when pronominal you is used in  direct address, is  that pronominal you is always implicitly present when vocative you is used.(Leslie Dunkling, A Dictionary of Epithets and Terms of Address, 1990) The RhetoricalUse of My Friends in Direct Address -  My friends, [Senator] John McCain recently informed a crowd, we spent $3 million of your money to study the DNA of bears in Montana. . . .McCain . . . referred to my friends another 11 times. . . .Is this a doctrine of pre-emptive friendship immediately declaring crowds won over with an oratorical mission accomplished? Perhaps, but McCains friending is a strategy that hearkens back to classical rhetoric. Horaces call to amici performed a similar function in ancient Rome, and Tennysons 1833 poem Ulysses drew upon that tradition for the immortal lines: Come, my friends/ Tis not too late to seek a newer world. . . .But as a crowd bludgeon in modern political speechmaking, my friends can be laid at the feet of one man: William Jennings Bryan. His famed 1896 Cross of Gold speech at the Democratic National Convention invoked the phrase a mind-crushing 10 times.(Paul Collins, MFer. Salon.com, September 1, 2008)- Now, my friends, let me come to the great paramount issue.(William Jennin gs Bryan, Cross of Gold speech, July 9, 1896)- Words matter,  my friends.(Hillary Clinton, speaking in  Des Moines, Iowa, on August 10, 2016)- [W]e come to the  friendship of association, which is certainly the most common meaning of the word friend.  Some years ago the comedian Red Skelton impersonated a politician giving a campaign  speech. My friends he wheezed, and you are my friends, he quickly sputtered, and dont tell me youre not my friends, because nobodys going to tell me who my friends are. Obviously, the friends he was talking about were friends of association, acquaintances where there is little or no affection, or where people interact on some friendly basis.(John M. Reisman, Anatomy of Friendship, 1979) Visual Forms of Direct Address Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen [in Reading Images, 1996]  note that  images in which the gaze  is directed at the viewer of the image create a visual form of direct address. It acknowledges the viewers explicitly, addressing them with a visual you.  Kress and  van Leeuwen call these images demand images because they demand that the viewer enters into some kind of imaginary relation with him or her. A classic example of the demand image is  the Uncle Sam recruiting poster, I Want YOU.  (Cara A. Finnegan, Studying Visual Modes of Public Address. The Handbook of Rhetoric and Public Address, ed. by  Shawn J. Parry-Giles and  J. Michael Hogan, 2010) Direct Address in the Media [In many] contexts,  for example,  television comedy or commercials, news and current affairs programmes, ​direct address is the accepted convention, although not everyone has the right to address the viewer directly. Anchorpersons and on-camera reporters  may look at the camera but interviewers may not. In chat shows, hosts may use direct address but guests may not. In other words, direct address is a privilege which the media profession has by and large reserved for itself.(Theo  van Leeuwen, Moving English: The Visual Language of Film. Redesigning English: New Texts, New Identities, ed. by  Sharon Goodman and David Graddol, 1996)   Ellen Gilchrists Address to Her WritingStudents Dear Students,If you are not writing well and happily, or if you feel your writing is forced, stop for a while and read or go out into the world and watch building projects or street-repair crews or get a job in a mall for Christmas or get into the car and drive to a city and look at art. Learn, learn, learn, be curious, and, if possible, uncritical. Everywhere men and women are doing wonderful things, marvelous things, interesting things. Write paragraphs about what you see and dont try to turn them into anything but praise and understanding. . . .Learn, learn, learn, read, read, read. I will be thinking about you and wishing you well every day.Ellen(Ellen Gilchrist, The Writing Life. University Press of Mississippi, 2005 The Lighter Side of Direct Address Cassio: Dost thou hear, mine honest friend?Clown: No, I hear not your honest friend. I hear you.(William Shakespeare, Othello, Act Three, scene 1)Son, you got a panty on your head.(Truck driver addressing H.I. McDunnough in Raising Arizona, 1987)

Class is Policy,Law,Ethic.....Topic is Policy Boundaries Research Paper

Class is Policy,Law,Ethic.....Topic is Policy Boundaries - Research Paper Example In this context, nurses leader hold both the qualities and capacities of employees as well as managers. These requirements define the element of the working relations within the institution. This provides the need to define the policy boundaries for the issue of nurse management strategies to apply in the institution. Historically, the issue of leadership pertains to an emergent relationship among the nurses within a relatively sensitive field. The quality of healthcare achieved within the nursing facility matters a great deal considering the sentimental value attached to nursing practice. Since the time of Florence Nightingale, the most compassionate and successful nurse of historical times, to the current nursing fraternity, the profession continues to evolve remarkably with respect to the nursing management capacity and working relations. The success of nursing leadership style determines the consequential achievement and utilization of available resource of labor in delivering services. As a nurse practitioner, I realize the need for understanding the capacity of leadership from a personal experience. In this practice, I had the opportunity to serve under various nurse leaders that managed the facilities I worked within. In this course, I encountered the leadership of nursing institution from the perspective of a compassionate, team-spirited nurse leader, and that of an authoritarian leader who managed and drove all aspects of decision making without regard for the other staff. These leadership styles in their application within the current working space of the nurses caused various observable features that create the need to evaluate leadership styles as applied by nurses within the management capacity of the nursing institutions. The observable trends in the nursing facilities experiences both aspects of leadership styles with respect to the contextual

Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Coursework Example It is important for business managers to understand the difference between efficiency and effectiveness. There is a minor difference between efficiency and effectiveness. Following is the definition and difference between efficiency and effectiveness: Efficiency: With respect to workplace it r refers to the time to perform a work with less time and more accuracy. For example, if a person writes one page with accuracy in 20 minutes and his counterpart writes the same page with same accuracy in half an hour. Then the person that takes just 20 minutes to write a page with the same accuracy that his colleague writes in 30 minutes is more efficient. Effectiveness: with respect to workplace it refers the level of results from the work of employees or managers. In effectiveness the emphasis is on quality rather than on time. In businesses, sometimes quality is more important than time. So in such case it does not matter if someone finishes a work in 20 minutes or 30 minutes. It is the effectiveness of the results that matter. Difference: Efficiency is a work done per unit time whereas, effectiveness is a work done over a comparatively more period of time. Efficiency is based on quality of work and time taken to complete that work. On the other hand, effectiveness is more focused on quality and less focused on the time. Answer: There is no denying of the fact that all businesses are interested in achieving higher levels of efficiency and effectiveness. There are numerous reasons behind this interest of businesses. Following are main three reasons behind this: 2. The quest of higher levels of efficiency and effectiveness make a sense of responsibility in employees and merit for promotion and benefits of employees are determined through efficiency and effectiveness. Answer a: For conducting financial analysis using accounting ratios, Visa Inc. has been selected. Visa Inc. is a global

ICT Report 3C Essay Example for Free

ICT Report 3C Essay The impact if ICT on a person with special / particular needs. For this report I have researched Yukomi Lee Chong. Yukomi Lee Chong is the personal assistant for the director of education in Brent council. Two years ago he had a stroke which had a huge impact on his life as he had to take some time of work. The stroke resulted in a loss of control with his fingers and a slight loss of control in his wrist. The effects of this was bad and meant that he couldnt actually clench his fingers together could move his hand about. Not only did this have a huge impact on his on his work but it also had a huge impact on his home and social life. When Yukomi Lee Chong first became disabled it took him a while to get used to ways of coping with this. The work he did at the council required him to use a computer very often in typing up letters minutes for meting and also I take minutes during the meeting after his stroke his employer and himself had to work out ways of performing his duties so that he could continue with his work as effectively as possible. Unfortunately the stroke left him with little control over my right hand and because he was right handed he had to learn to use my left hand for simple thing like opening doors or switching on, lights. Another main problem his disability causes was when he had to use the telephone and especially difficult to use mobile phones this meant that he had to learn to use his left hand much more effectively. His personal life involves the use of the computer to chat to friends abroad and to join in on chat room s about things hes interested in like computers and politics. He generally stays in touch with my friends using the mobile phone and also by using email so they can arrange night out. Despite having a stoke he still has a very active role in the family. Trackball A trackball is a pointing device consisting of a ball housed in a socket containing sensors to detect rotation of the ball about two axes similar to an upside-down mouse, but with a bigger ball sticking out more. The user rolls the ball with their thumb, fingers, or the palm of their hand to move a cursor. Tracker balls are commonly used with disabled people but are also used on CAD workstations. Some clip onto the side of the keyboard and have integral buttons which have the same function as mouse buttons. Trackballs are sometimes seen on computerised special-purpose workstations, such in an air-traffic control room. Military mobile anti-aircraft radars and submarine also use trackballs. The advantages of tracker balls are that: Ball movement depends entirely on the thumb. Therefore the user has no stress or constraint on movement of the rest of their hand, arms, or shoulder. The thumb provides excellent control over the ball and this is entirely independent from the action of the fingers which control the switches. Ball movement is sensed optically so dust does not upset movement detection. After perhaps a lot of use (a month or two of my several hours a day computer use), it is necessary to pull the ball out and use a cotton-bud to remove dust which collects around the three support spheres. You will know to do this when the ball does not move perfectly freely, as it should. The right hand rests naturally on the device. There is no need for a mouse mat or desk room for mouse movement so less desk space is required. There is no need for a flat surface. If used with a laptop, you could rest it on your knee. The disadvantages of trackball: The trackball costs significantly more than a mouse. A mouse may be better for drawing actions in a graphic program. The right hand must be used. Trackballs have had some limited use in computer and video games, particularly early arcade games. Console trackballs, meanwhile, are fairly uncommon. His work at the council requires me to use a computer very often in typing up letters minutes for meting and also he also takes minutes during the meeting after his stroke he had to work out ways of performing his roles and his employer particularly had to work out ways of performing my duties so that he could continue with my work as effectively as possible. This is why he has a tracker ball to allow him to continue with work efficiently without the tracker ball he would suffer lots as it is very hard to use a normal mouse for some one with a mobility problem. I had an interview with the occupational health adviser which was very help full in advising of various technologies which could help me to continue my work social and personal life as best as possible one of the technologies she introduced me to was the tracker ball mouse this mouse way very use to me in allowing me to control the devises and to control the mouse around the screen it was called the able track mouse and it also has to external hand switches because I cant actually use the buttons on the tracker ball mouse I use the external hand switches to do left hand and right hand clicks which is very useful to me my employer bought this for me so I can continue my work and I have now bought one at home so I can use the computer at home in the same away. The able track mouse has been amazing in allowing me to control the computer its not to sensitive so that any wild movements dont move the mouse to much the only problem is that maybe I have to move my wrist quite far to click on the buttons on the left and right of the mouse and it would be nice to be able to maybe press down on the tracker ball to have a left hand click that would be quite useful but apart from that it really is very helpful in allowing me to navigate through the computer and I can use it just like a normal mouse in every way. I need to keep in touch with my family abroad using msn instant messenger and email without the tracer ball mouse I wouldnt be able to use the computer to access the software a normal mouse would be to difficult for me to use and I would not be able to hold it properly and I would be able to click on the buttons and it has been a life saver. I have a sister in Jamaica who I try and contact as often as possible and again the internet allows me to do this effectively without having to use effective telephone calls. I like many people that feel the need to go out on Friday night and I usually arrange this using instant messenger or emails as I can email lots of people at the same time or group of friend that meet on a Friday night and we can line up on a white brooder note when I use ICT outside of work and home I do get upset about the lack of access to mice that are appropriate for me its very rare like in a internet cafi particularly of there to be any devises that are useful to me and even in local libraries I have difficulties. At work I need to produce word documents I need to handle email produce emails receive and transfer forward on emails I need to take minutes at meeting produce agendas and handle a number of spreadsheets and databases to do this I need some form of input devise to control the mouse pointer and I find that the track ball mousse I perfect for this although maybe these is another technology out there that may bee a little quicker for me I dont know. The other day I was very bust I had to produce the minutes for the directors meeting and give them out on the same afternoon and I was very aware that the control over the computer that I have is not as good as it use be maybe before I could have produced this document in half the time using word but now its taking longer because the lesser control I have over the mouse pointer particularly navigating around the window in word dragging and editing text is quite difficult.

Prevention of Obesity Essay -- Health, Diseases

This Neighbourhood Study aims to research the profile of Hillingdon Borough in relation to the prevention of obesity. An insight into the prevalence of obesity as well as the causes and its effects shall be evaluated. Public health strategies on the prevention of obesity and its effects in relation to Government strategies shall be addressed. A snapshot about the role of the nurse as an educator in relation to this public health issue as well as strategies formulated by Hillingdon PCT to prevent obesity and how it focuses on other diseases associated with obesity shall be discussed. The following section gives a definition of obesity, health, health education and health prevention. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2010) defines obesity and being overweight as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Body mass index (BMI) as Arterburn et al (2008) put forward is a measure of body fat based on height and weight and further suggest that any individual with a BMI of more than 30 is considered as obese. WHO (1986) defines health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Tannahill et al (1999) propound that health education could be viewed as communication activity aimed at enhancing positive health and preventing ill health in individuals and groups by influencing their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviour of persons with power and of the community. Butler et al (2008) defines health prevention as the measures for early detection of departure from good health. Whereas Heath (2002) concur that the role and function of the nurse emphasise on health promotion a nd illness prevention, the Department of Health (2003) emphasises on th... ...nitiatives relating to obesity, the exploration of Public health and government strategic concepts of valuing equality and diversity across population receiving health care have be examined. Child obesity is one of the greatest challenges facing Hillingdon PCT. This calls for a multi-agency collaboration between the NHS, local authorities, schools, workplaces, community and commercial enterprises in planning, delivering and maintaining a healthier borough and nation. Focus needs to be emphasised on prevention, as opposed to cure. Nurses need to play a more active role on educating the nation on the dangers of obesity and its associated illnesses. Whether the motivation is on improving health or increasing physical activity; health education directed towards the young can help build an obese free borough and country as the young are the future of tomorrow.

My turning point

Philosophy on Education â€Å"He, who opens a school door, closes a prison. † -Victor Hugo â€Å"Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail. What you gain at one end you lose at the other. It's like feeding a dog on his own tail. It won't fatten the dog. † ?Mark Twain These two quotes go hand in hand because they have the same meaning. The meaning of the two quotes is an abstract meaning the meaning is that ignorance is itself a prison that education releases you from. What the quotes are trying to say is that if you have no education you're opening a door for you to end up In Jail.It Like an equation you go o school you get an education; If you don't go to school you get no education and you end up in jail (school education = no jail; no school + no education = jail). If you get an education, then the chances of become a felon or going to Jail are reduced, or even totally removed. I wholeheartedly agree with these quotes, think about how many people ar e In Jail, who has most likely never had an education. If people, who are doing time, take up studying In prison, then the chances of being released and making something out of there life is increased greatly.To all the people that don't care about school I say think about what you're doing don't make a mistake that will ruin you emotionally, financially, etc. † would you rather make zero dollar living like a bum getting arrested or would you have have money an education and avoid being arrested? Think about it; it Is your life and your choice what do with It â€Å"You Only Live Once (YOLK)†. I know this quote makes me want to make something out of my life and get an education so I have enough money to take care and me and a family In the future.Strengths (l am†¦ ) Weaknesses A good friend Food Reliable I am sensitive Loyal I am opinionated Disciplined I am argumentative Independent I am talkative Goal oriented I am clumsy Creative I am irritable (time of the month ) Helpful I am sarcastic Adventurous I am naive Easy-going I am quite Mature I am sentimental Musical I am timid Passionate I am unemotional Talented am shy Warm-hearted I am lazy Smart I am easily distracted Rutgers University is located in Newark, NJ.Rutgers offers dozens of majors and minors in arts, sciences, humanities, business, and nursing for undergraduate students, plus graduate and professional study in arts and sciences, business, law, and social work. The fees for New Jersey, Non-New Jersey Residents and for International Students are $2,781. 00 commuters and for the $2,781. 00 on- campus fee is plus room and board which is $11,578. 00. The tuition for New Jersey Residents is $10,718.The tuition of Non-New Jersey residents is $24,742. The tuition for International students is $24,742. Rutgers offers a lot of sports for women such as basketball, crew, cross country, indoor track, lacrosse outdoor track, soccer, softball, tennis, and volleyball. Rutgers offer a lot of inte resting clubs to Join such as Academic clubs, Cultural clubs, Media/Publications clubs, Performing Arts clubs, and Social and Political Action clubs. Rutgers is ranked number 1 in the nation since 1997.The Rutgers campus also offers many Jobs for students on the campus. 3 major campuses which are Rutgers-New Brunswick, Rutgers-Newark, and Rutgers-Camden, with additional locations, including Rutgers Health Sciences at New Brunswick/Piscataway, Newark, Scotch Plains, Somerset, and Stratford 33 schools and colleges, including New Jerseys foremost pharmacy school. Rutgers is defiantly one of my schools of interest. William Paterson University William Paterson is located in Wayne, New Jersey.William Paterson has many majors such as accounting, art studio, art history, art-fine arts, biology, business administration, chemistry, communication, computer science, earth science, economics, education, English, environmental science, history, integrated math & science, and etc. The fees for und ergraduate part-time for In-State students is $53. 01 for campus facilities fee, $41. 36 for General Services Fee, $46. 44 for Student Services Fee, and $237. 19 for tuition. The fees for undergraduate part-time for Out-of-State students is $53. 1 for campus facilities fee, $41. 36 for General Services Fee, $46. 44 or Student Services Fee, and $485. 19 for tuition. The Undergraduate full-time for in- state students is $821. 76 for campus facilities fee, $644. 79 for General Services Fee, $61. 82 for student government association fee, $720. 12 for student service fee, and $3,710. 51 for tuition. The Undergraduate full-time for Out-of-State students is $821. 76 for campus facilities fee, $644. 79 for General Services Fee, $61. 2 for student government association fee, $720. 12 for student service fee, and $7,480. 51 for tuition. William Paterson also offers sports for women such as Basketball, Field Hockey, offer many clubs like Sports club, Academic clubs, Cultural clubs, Media/Publ ications clubs, Performing Arts clubs, and Social and Political Action clubs. William Paterson is an expensive university but is also another school of interest. Sexton Hall University Sexton Hall University is located South Orange, NJ.Sexton Hall offers many majors such as Arts and Sciences majors, Business majors, School of Diplomacy and International Relations majors, Education and Human Services majors, Health and Medical Sciences majors, nursing majors, and Immaculate Conception Seminary majors. The fee for undergraduate tuition is $16,870 for Full-time students and Part- time students. Undergraduate University fees are $390. 00 per semester for Full-time students, $1 15. 00 per semester for Part-time student. The full time computing fee is $650. 00 per semester.The part-time technology is $100. 00 per semester. The new student fee is $300. 00. Sexton Hall also offers sports for women such as Basketball, Cross Country, Golf, Soccer, Softball, Swimming & Diving, Tennis, and Voll eyball. Sexton also offers clubs such as Sports club, Academic clubs, Cultural clubs, Media/ Publications clubs, Performing Arts clubs, and Social and Political Action clubs. Sexton Hall is in the top 100 universities in the nation. Sexton Hall does not offer much but I hear that they are a great university for majoring in business.This is the school I hope I can go to because of their business program. Occupation: Not working Education level (Note: in the list below, â€Å"College† refers to all degree and non-degree study at any level, including graduate and professional study): High school diploma or equivalent Same Sex Marriage â€Å"Watch your: Words; Actions; Thoughts; Character; Heart. Love as thought is truth. Love as action is right conduct. Love as understanding, is peace. Love as feeling is non- violence. † By Asthma SAA Babe.Most people say that same sex marriage is disturbing and should be illegal. However I think same sex marriage should be legal everywhe re. The only thing that should matter in marriage is love. The same financial benefits that apply to man-woman marriages should apply to same-sex marriages. Rejecting them is a violation or religious freedom. The only thing that should matter in marriage is love. As least 40% of people are gay and want to marry who they love. How come they can't marry who they love? What ever happened to rights? Gay people have rights too.LOVE is LOVE Regardless of race, religion or gender! Dir. Luis at Yale University thinks that gay people should marry whoever they love like everybody else is allowed to do. The same financial benefits that apply to man-woman marriages should apply to same-sex marriages. In today's financial environment, it often takes two incomes to live. A married couple shares rent, benefits, and other bills, which are often difficult for one person to take on alone. This is particularly true if a dependent errors is involved such as a child.In addition, a married couple can oft en financially support each other when times get tough, such as when one of the two is out of work. Her feet. Owning a house is often impossible without another person to share the financial burden, and owning a home is not only part of the American dream, it helps strength and community pride. Denying them is a violation of religious freedom. The main reason for rejecting marriage to gay couples is that all major religions consider homosexuality a sin; however, the First Amendment of the Constitution clearly states hat a person's religious views or lack there for must be protected.Marriage by the state is a worldly activity; the government cannot start making laws Just because a religion says they should. What's next, should we make taking the Lord's name in vain a criminal activity because Christians consider it a breaking of a commandment? Once again I like to state that I think same sex marriage should be legal everywhere. The only thing that should matter in marriage is love. T he same financial benefits that apply to man-woman marriages should apply to same-sex marriages. Rejecting hem is a violation or religious freedom.If you want to support List's (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transsexual) the symbol is a rainbow. Writing- Disciplinary History Have you ever been found responsible for a disciplinary violation at any educational institution you have attended from the 9th grade (or the international equivalent) forward, whether related to academic misconduct or behavioral misconduct that resulted in a disciplinary action? These actions could include, but are not limited to: probation, suspension, removal, dismissal, or expulsion from the institution. No Have o ever been adjudicated guilty or convicted of a misdemeanors, felony, or other crime? Note that you are not required to answer â€Å"yes† to this question, or provide an explanation, if the criminal adjudication or conviction has been expunged, sealed, annulled, pardoned, destroyed, erased, imp ounded, or otherwise ordered by a court to be kept confidential. : No Writing- Additional Information Please provide an answer below if you wish to provide details of circumstances or qualifications not reflected in the application. : I play sports for my high school as Softball, Blowing.I am Joined in many club in my high school such as LIMIT, Mock Trail, African American club, Hiking club, and Ski and Ride club. One of my Career choices is accounting. The required classes for this profession are introduction to financial Accounting, Introduction to Managerial accounting, Accounting for engineers, Intermediate Accounting l, Intermediate Accounting II, Advance Accounting, Concepts of Auditing, Income Tax Accounting, Topics in Income Taxation, Cost Accounting, Accounting Information Systems, Analysis of Financial Statements, Independent Project in Accounting, Honors project in Accounting.The average salary for accounting is $31,087 through $65,739. This is well-paying career I am ver y much interested in. I want to take up accounting because I enjoy math very much, math is my best subject and I never had a hard time with math. Accounting is a career where you help people with taxes, housing, income, payments, etc. Computer science Another career choice of mine is Computer science. The required classes for this profession are six course in computer science, three course in mathematics, at least five of the electives, and physics courses or Chemistry courses.The average salary for his profession is $79,000. This is another well-paying profession I am interested in. I would like this career because it use math and once again I enjoy math. It also involves computers and love learning new stuff about computer I even repair my home computer when it gets or virus or crashes. Computer scientists apply their knowledge of information theory and computation to computer systems. Computer scientists usually focus on theory while computer engineers focus on hardware.Areas of computer science include programming, software engineering, information theory, algorithms, databases and graphics. Important subjects related to computer science include physics, algebra, calculus and English. Good computer scientists have strong analytical, problem solving and logic skills. Communication skills are also an important part of computer science. A bachelor's degree is sufficient for a number of jobs related to computer science but higher level roles often require a PhD.Our increasing reliance on computer systems makes computer science a growing field with computer scientists typically being sought after and receiving high salaries. Mathematics is my final career choice. The required classes for this profession are plies anatomy and physiology, field biology, general chemistry l, general chemistry II, computer and information technology, seminar in integrated science, environmental suitability, calculus l, calculus II, logic method of higher mathematics, linear algebra , foundations of geometry, and introduction to physics.The average salary for this career is $44,197. Compared to my career choice this is not the best paying one but it is well paying. Mathematics is a combination of my favorite subject's math, and science. Math has always been easy for me this why I would like to have a career that involves math of some sort. Math is Just number and common sense to me to other math is confusing. I can't even remember the last time I got confused in math that's how easy it is for me.

Copper Cycle Lab Report

CHEM 1300 Laboratory Program, Fall 2012 Experiment 3 Report Form Name: ___________________________ Student Number: ___________ Locker __________ Section Laboratory Day Lab Session Lab Room Number Rotation B0__ Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri AM PM 206 216 222 230 240 12 Experiment 3: Copper Cycle Instructions for Laboratory Reports 1. Your lab report must be submitted using this official report sheet. 2. You must legibly and correctly provide all identifying information requested above. Incomplete or incorrect information can lead to substantial penalties. 3.You are strongly encouraged to type all or most of your responses. Responses can be first written and saved using a word processor (e. g. Microsoft Word) and then pasted into the report form. Printing problems often occur when the PDF report forms are edited and saved on Mac computers. Concessions will not be made for technical difficulties. 4. If you choose to handwrite any part of the report, you must do so legibly in ink. Illegible responses, including sections written with poor handwriting or typed in with miniscule font size will not be marked and will be assigned a value of zero. 5. Detailed instructions on how to write a lab report are provided on pages 10 – 15 of the lab manual. 6. Lots of space is provided in each section of the report. Be concise. You do not need to fill in all space provided for the sake of doing so. 7. When asked to provide calculations, for full credit you must provide a labeled and systematic approach showing all steps and assumptions required to determine the required results. All calculations must be typed or written legibly. 8. You must submit the complete set of original copies (i. e. he white copies) of your Data/Observation sheets that were signed by your TA with your report. Any attempt to alter the original data or use a different set of data in the analyses contained in this report is an act of academic dishonesty and will be penalized as such. Some marks will be allocated to the completeness of your data. 9. It is an act of plagiarism (will be penalized) to use any data or information obtained from the literature and/or Web sources without properly citing it. You should rewrite cited work in your own words, especially if the quotation spans more than a couple of sentences. 10. Staple together all pages relating to this report and submit it in the correct slot in the report cabinet before the submission deadline. Reports submitted into the wrong slot or late will be penalized. Official Report Form Page 1 of 5 CHEM 1300 Laboratory Program, Fall 2012 Experiment 3 Report Form Purpose Results Use your experimental data to determine the percent recovery of copper from Cu(NO3)2. Official Report Form Page 2 of 5 CHEM 1300 Laboratory Program, Fall 2012 Experiment 3 Report Form List the balanced net ionic equations for all reactions that you observed in this experiment.Use your observations to provide evidence for all successful reactions completed and products formed. Where applicable, list ions in their coordination complex form; for example, when Cu2+ exists as the hexaaquo complex, use [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) in your equation. Note: The zinc cation also forms a hexaaquo complex in aqueous solution. Official Report Form Page 3 of 5 CHEM 1300 Laboratory Program, Fall 2012 Experiment 3 Report Form Discussion Official Report Form Page 4 of 5 CHEM 1300 Laboratory Program, Fall 2012 Experiment 3 Report Form Discussion (continued) Conclusion References Official Report Form Page 5 of 5

Overview of the internet age

Overview of the internet age The advances that have been made since the advent of the internet age have come with their own limitations in society. While it is irrefutable to observe that internet connectivity has hastened the pace of development in the modern world, it is also profound to mention that digital crimes have been elevated with this kind of development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Overview of the internet age specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the recent empirical researchers carried out on the development of information and technology reveal that organized crime is entering its fourth great era (Fafinski, 2009). This era will most entail the use of internet knowledge to commit cyber-related crimes. In any case, the internet era has practically converged the offline and online environments due to the rapid flow and sharing of information from one point to another. Due to improved ease of sharing information, it has also be en discovered that there are myriads of illegal organized activities that can be conducted through the internet by individuals with the aim of committing a felony. About 80% of modern digital crimes are presumed to be organized by individuals in remote locations through the internet. Although the young tech-savvy generation has been closely associated with the fast growth of digital crime through the internet, it is understood that individuals who are above 35 years account for nearly 45% of all the digital crimes committed through the internet. On the other hand, the youths who are perceived to be tech-savvy account for about 29% of all the digital crimes (Caeti et al., 2005). In about 50% of the organized crimes that are conducted through the internet, there are usually between six to ten individuals who collaborate to commit such acts. Nonetheless, it should be noted that digital crimes do not rely on the performance of groups since individuals can equally engage in acts of crime . The digital crimes committed through the internet have indeed evolved since the early 1920s when authorities largely struggled with offenders who broke the set prohibition laws. During the early 20th century, racketeering, gambling and consumption of illicit alcohol were coordinated and conducted offline (Caeti et al., 2005). As such, the impacts of such crimes were minimal since the influence was largely localized. The modern society has a wide access to information as a result of quick access to internet connectivity. The latter has turned the world into a global village, making it easy for criminals to access private and confidential information.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, one of the most dominant digital crimes entails cybercrime whereby individuals or organized groups hack into private data stored in emails, websites or offline databases. In any case, the fourth era of digital crime is a major threat to the overall wellbeing of the modern generation (Caeti et al., 2005). Even though exposure to internet poses major security threats to individuals and the society at large, it has proved to be a necessary evil that the modern world cannot do without if fast development is to be achieved. For instance, the internet provides an extremely efficient and elaborate means of communication. In addition, information technology has been boosted by the presence of internet connectivity. Vast knowledge has been acquired and transmitted through the internet. Moreover, the society is now more enlightened than it used to be some decades ago (Fafinski, 2009). One outstanding attribute of the internet connectivity is the online learning portal that several institutions are using to disseminate knowledge. Needless to say, business enterprises have also sprung up and hastened their pace of development through the internet. Therefore, it should not be era dicated in the modern world. Governments should come up with prohibitive measures and safety use standards that govern the internet. References Caeti, T. J., Liederbach, J. R., Loper, K. J., Fritsch, E. J. Taylor, R. W. (2005). Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall. Fafinski, S. (2009). Computer Misuse: Response, regulation and the law. Cullompton: Willan

The 3 Best Sites to Learn a New Word Every Day

The 3 Best Sites to Learn a New Word Every Day In terms of vocabulary development, we were all little geniuses in childhood, learning hundreds of new words every year. By the time we entered first grade, most of us had active vocabularies of several thousand words. Unfortunately, we werent geniuses for very long. By age 11 or 12, equipped with a sizable survival vocabulary, most of us lost some of our early enthusiasm for language, and the rate at which we picked up new words began to decline significantly. As adults, if we dont make deliberate efforts to increase our vocabularies, were lucky to pick up even 50 or 60 new words a year. The English language has so much to offer (at least half a million words by most reckonings) that it would be a shame to let our vocabulary-building talents go to waste. So heres one way that we can regain some of our youthful brilliance: learn a new word each day. Whether youre a student preparing for the SAT, ACT, or GRE, or simply an unabashed logophile (or lover of words), starting each day with a fresh word can be intellectually nourishing- and more enjoyable than a bowl of All-Bran. Here are three of our favorite daily word sites: all are free and available through e-mail subscriptions. A.Word.A.Day (AWAD) Founded in 1994, A.Word.A.Day at Wordsmith.org is the creation of Anu Garg, an India-born computer engineer who clearly enjoys sharing his pleasure in words. Simply designed, this popular site (over a million subscribers from more than 170 countries) offers concise definitions and examples of words that relate to a different theme every week. The New York Times has called this the most welcomed, most enduring piece of daily mass e-mail in cyberspace. Recommended for all word lovers. Oxford English Dictionary Word of the Day For many of us, the Oxford English Dictionary is the ultimate reference work, and the OED Word of the Day provides a complete entry (including a wealth of illustrative sentences) from the 20-volume dictionary. You can sign up to have the OEDs Word of the Day delivered by e-mail or RSS web feed. Recommended for scholars, English majors, and logophiles. Merriam-Websters Word of the Day Less expansive than the OED site, the daily word page hosted by this U.S. dictionary-maker offers an audio pronunciation guide along with basic definitions and etymologies. The Merriam-Webster Word of the Day is also available as a podcast, which you can listen to on your computer or MP3 player. Recommended for high school and college students as well as advanced ESL students. Other Daily Word Sites These sites should also be useful to high school and college students. Dictionary.com Word of the DayThe Learning Network (The New York Times)The Quotations Page Word of the Day Of course, you dont have to go online to learn new words. You can simply begin making a list of new words that you encounter in your reading and conversations. Then look up each word in a dictionary and write down the definition along with a sentence that illustrates how the word is used. But if you need a little encouragement to work on building your vocabulary every day, sign up for one of our favorite word-a-day sites.

Canadas Retail Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Canadas Retail Sector - Essay Example The retail sector currently plays a vital role in Canada’s marketplace. During the 2009 recession, the retail sector experienced a fall in demand. However, in 2006-2012, sales increased by 17%. The total retail sales in 2013 amounted to 482 billion, which was slightly below the predicted sales of $483 billion. The projection of 2014 sales has been placed at 493 billion. The Canadian government regulations are working towards ensuring that businesses are able to negotiate contract agreements amongst themselves. Retail business holiday rules and regulations in Canada vary from one province to another. Therefore, retailers need to review retail business holiday regulations in their areas. For instance, there are no laws preventing retailers from opening in Alberta, but in New Brunswick, most retailers are not allowed to open during Holidays. Canada hosts several multinational retailers operating such as Reebok, Wal-Mart, Daiei (a Japanese company), and K-Mart, which is an Austral ian corporation among others.

Social Penetration Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Penetration Theory - Essay Example The personality structure of individuals resemble a multilayered onion since if one peels the outer layers of the onion he or she will be capable of reaching the inner layers that are more vulnerable and important to self-image. I had a personal experience that can be best explained by the social penetration theory. I was capable of making close friends with an American girl through use of the social penetration theory. During the first days at the University, I was socially disliked by certain friends, but my lecturers persuaded me to look for other friends who we shared same values and beliefs. On the other hand, my parents persuaded me to stay only with friends who offered ‘good’ social influence. Most of the friends were heavy drinkers, cheerful and would constantly engage in games. Ironically, I do not take alcoholic beverages and it started becoming apparent that this was the reason why many friends ignored my company. However, I was capable of making close friends with an American girl who is a alcoholic drinker. The critical concepts of social penetration theory helped me understand how to form intimate relationships and share personal beliefs with fellow students. The concept of self-disclosure involves voluntary sharing of personal history, feelings, attitudes and secrets that define a person. In this case, I was able to relax these tight boundaries and approached a certain American girl so that we could become friends. I started by telling her demographic information, my country of origin, my attitudes towards studies and social lifestyle preferences. Accordingly, I went further to talk about preferences in terms of clothing, music and drinks. In this case, I mentioned to her that I do not take alcohol due to my religious convictions. Accordingly, I went further to mention that my deeply held fear was failure in my studies. The American girl was willing to listen after I taught her my preferences in terms of music and she too provided me with her biographic information, her preferences and deeply held fears. The depth of penetration explains how I managed to form close friends with the American girl despite our differences in lifestyles and religion. The depth of penetration is the degree of disclosure in a specific aspect of individual’s life and is determined by the frequency of sharing the private information. In this case, I shared my private information with her during every lesson. Accordingly, the law of reciprocity is essential in the early stages of the relationship. The law predicts that two people will attain the same level of closeness since the penetration will be rapid at the start of the relationship, but slows down as we progress to the inner layers. As I taught the American girl about my family history, she reciprocated by telling that her family lives in an expensive New York estate. She again taught me that alcohol consumption is acceptable in her family and had no fears of academic failur e since she was used to the lifestyle. Accordingly, she stressed that her societal norms encourage cheerfulness, physical exercises and sometimes having fun by taking expensive alcohol. At this point, I felt that the relationship would fade due to our differences in societal norms, but I managed to remain comfortable while sharing both positive and negative private information, beliefs and attitudes. Another concept that is central to social penetration theory

Current Event Summary Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Event Summary - Article Example The dollar gains are present even when there is a decline in stocks of the United States. There has been a decade of low interest rates and easy money but the dollar has remained strong bringing back memories of the 1990s under President Clinton (Thomas 2). During that time, the United Nations had good health systems and the currency favored travelling amongst the Americans and investors. However, with the current economy currency moves can be fleeting and deceptive. A push by the investors is favorable since it is a highlight of good performance. As long as the U.S is in constant growth and the rest of the world stays stagnant the dollar will remain strong. Having a strong dollar is not always a plus since it can hurt exports and stall economic growth. The success of economies can be puzzling. In the market economy, no one looks out for economic well being of the society as a whole. Market economies try to promote the overall economic well-being not just the currency (Mankiw 7). The economic problems of the United States have not disappeared since unemployment is still very high and the levels of debt have gone high as well. The government has done very little to put an end to the growth of government spending. Governments sometimes can be involved in improving the market outcomes. The invisible hand only works if the government enforces rules that are the key to the market economy (Mankiw 10). Therefore, the United States government can have a role to play in the nation’s economy. Recently, the dollar has gained so much strength over the euro as stated by the European’s central bank president. Most of the European economists say that a weak euro jump-starts exports thus can spur growth in Europe’s economy. Traders have added on their bets that the euro will continue to fall relating to problems such as anemic growth. Data shows that the short positions on the euro are very popular currency trades (Thomas 2). Most traders believe that the

Eternal Sunshine Of The Spotless Mind Film Studies Essay

Eternal Sunshine Of The Spotless Mind Film Studies Essay In this analysis of the style and structure of Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (Michel Gondry, 2004), the following research question shall be addressed: how does filmic style and narrative structure evoke atmosphere, define character, and provide cues that generate audience reactions? It will be argued that the film constructs a bittersweet tale of love using an unconventional and fragmented narrative structure; portraying the effects of memory erasure by immersing viewers within the subjective world of the protagonists mind. Eternal Sunshine tells the story of Joel Barish and Clementine Kruczynskis passionate, yet often painfully incompatible romance. From its humble beginnings at a beach party, their relationship blooms over the period of about two years, but ultimately fails. When Joel learns that Clementine has undergone a surgical procedure on a whim to remove all memories of him, he is so wounded that he tracks down the doctor and demands the same operation immediately. Midway through the procedure, however, Joel begins to regret his impulsive decision, realizing the importance of his past, as well as the inevitable loss of some of his most cherished memories with Clementine. The first five shots of Eternal Sunshine are highly significant in terms of both narrative structure and stylistic implications. The film begins by fading-in from black to a deep focus close up of an unshaven Joel, awakening the morning after the memory-erasing procedure (though this narrative information is not revealed until much later). The off-screen sound of a car door closing rouses him, and it is later discovered that this noise comes from the memory technicians departing after the operation. A variety of shot lengths are used in this opening sequence to communicate information about Joels facial expressions, body language, and surroundings. Ultimately, the act of waking coupled with the natural morning sunlight creates an atmosphere of a new beginning, although it is one tinged with a sense of loss. The use of hand held cameras simultaneously evokes the illusion of realistic footage, and viewers are invited to question why Joel awakens this way, establishing a narrative enigm a concerning past events. Joels waking expression is rather vacant, conveying the barren emptiness of his now spotless mind. The shot is illuminated from the right, and upon opening, his dark hazel eyes are drawn to this light source as he utters a sigh. The next medium shot is an eye-line match that frames Joels window, using an upward tilted perspective from his bed. The morning sunlight shines through, providing the only lighting for the scene and signifying a new beginning. The exclusive use of natural lighting additionally suggests an existence devoid of memories, as the atmospheric lighting techniques that accompany memory throughout the film are absent. Subtle, non-diegetic music; sound that does not have a source within the story world (David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson, 330), also commences here, with a triple meter bass ostinato accompanying guitar chords. A straight cut introduces the next medium close up of Joel sitting up in bed, tracked by the camera. He sighs, rubs his forehead and begins to remove the bedspreads, which provides a match-on-action transition into the next shot a long shot of Joel moving towards the end of his bed. The dà ©cor of the space is very plain and uninspired, heightening the atmosphere of emptiness. A piano melody enters above the guitar as sunlight engulfs Joels darkened silhouette on the end of his bed. Before the next shot a short ellipsis is implied, and it commences outside as a medium long shot of Joel, now shaven and dressed in dull winter clothing. Sunlight momentarily shines directly into the lens before the camera tracks him to his car, revealing a large dint on its side. Confused and irritated, Joel thuds his briefcase upon the car bonnet as ambient background noises of children playing blends with the music. Although no dialogue is spoken in these shots, the sparse instrumentation and minimalist structure of the background music serves to heighten the mood of an existence that is somehow lacking essence. Hence, the opening shots be gin to define Joels character, whilst providing cues to evoke an atmosphere of a somewhat empty new beginning. Eternal Sunshine is essentially a love story, and a clear binary opposition a category with two mutually exclusive parts that depend upon each other (Graeme Turner, 104) is established between Joel, who is introverted and withdrawn, and Clementine, who is extroverted and eccentric. This opposition allows the characters to effectively compliment and conflict with each other, thus forming the basis of the narrative complication. Despite this somewhat traditional aspect of the story, the manner in which the narrative is structured is by no means conservative. In Film as Social Practice IV, Turner notes that conventional narratives begin in a stable point of equilibrium, which is then disrupted by some power or force motivating the protagonists quest, usually ending with the restoration of equilibrium (107). Eternal Sunshine, however, follows no such structural formula, and events are presented in a fragmented, non-linear fashion. Indeed, the film actually commences after the relations hip, moving from the present to a series of reverse order memory flashbacks and flashbacks within flashbacks, before finally returning to the present (whilst constantly interweaving secondary plotlines involving the Lacuna team). Another opposition of sorts is therefore established in the narrative itself between memory and present events, with the complicated structure serving to disorientate viewers and portray the complex nature of an individuals personal memories. In Postmodern After-Images, Peter and Will Brooker state that resistance to linearityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [is an] archetypal postmodern technique (58), and thus Eternal Sunshine uses a postmodern narrative style to communicate its story of memorys role in love. Throughout the film, myriad elements of the mise en scene evoke atmosphere, develop character and provide audience cues. Firstly, colour and costuming serve to accentuate the binary opposition between Joel and Clementine. Joel is only ever seen wearing very dull colours, foregrounding the reserved nature of his character, and he often blends into large crowds. On the contrary, Clementines eccentricity is revealed by her kaleidoscopic clothing choices. Also, the colour of Clementines dyed hair acts as a symbolic indicator of the state of her relationship with Joel, changing chronologically from green, to Red Menace, Agent Orange, and finally Blue Ruin. Green is traditionally a colour associated with new life, and it suitably marks the beginning of the relationship. The deep red dye appears to symbolize a climax of romantic passion, and indeed many of Joels best memories are from this colour stage. Orange perhaps embodies a diluted, fading version of this passion, while blue denotes an atmosphere of sadness and depression, appropriately appearing at the point of the relationships ruin. In one particularly symbolic scene, a crane shot frames Joel and Clementine lying together on the frozen Charles River. Some distinct cracks are easily observed in the ice beneath them, indicating the fractures that will inevitably appear in their relationship, and this notion of an intrinsically flawed romance adds to the bittersweet tone of the film. Finally, many elements of the mise en scene are skillfully utilized within subjective shots to portray the erasure of Joels memories: characters suddenly disappear, text on signs and letters fades or vanishes, objects are deleted from shots in fragments, and facial features are smeared. For example, in the beach-house scene, Joels memory of the event literally crumbles piece by piece in his mind. The use of atmospheric lighting is one of the most important filmic techniques employed by Gondry to construct the subjective memory scenes in Eternal Sunshine. In the present, lighting is generally either natural or realistic, but memory shots adopt a more unique lighting approach, emphasizing this narrative opposition. Firstly, low-key lighting and darkness often play a major role in such scenes, with lights either gradually fading to black or suddenly turning off to represent the removal of memories. The most prominent and effective use of atmospheric lighting, however, is a clearly recognizable spotlight effect that pervades memory scenes and becomes a lighting motif throughout the film. This peculiar device ranges from a small, torch-style light, through to a very large and powerful spotlight reminiscent of a helicopter searchlight (the best example being in the Charles River memory scene). The spotlight effect seems to serve a dual function: in one sense, it represents an intru sive, artificial intervention in Joels memory (implying the operation procedure), and he and Clementine are often trying to escape its glare. Also, especially in darkened scenes, the restricted glow of the spotlight could represent the limits of remembered detail in Joels mind, as is argued by Jason Sperb in his article Internal Sunshine: Illuminating Being-Memory in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, when he states: The spotlight signifies the limited perception of Joels remembering, which remains in and of the present. He cannot again completely experience the moments he thinks he remembers; Joel can only see limited illuminations, fragments in his imagination vaguely informed by his understanding of the past (7). The circular shape of the spotlight could also bear some importance, perhaps signifying the cyclic nature of Joel and Clementines relationship. Finally, throughout the film, this and other lights occasionally turn red to imply a state of urgency or alarm. Hence, the combination of the elements of the mise en scene succeeds in creating atmosphere and crafting the effects of memory erasure within Joels mind. Perhaps the most striking element of cinematography in Eternal Sunshine is the almost invariable use of hand-held cameras. This imperfect, sometimes clunky technique often creates the illusion of genuine home video footage an aspect that undoubtedly increases the authenticity of subjective memory scenes. As Ellen Kuras (the films cinematographer) stated in an interview, the camera movement is not always the most gracefulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ with the entire film shot handheld, we ended up using sled dollies, wheelchair and chariot dollies, but no traditional dollies at all (John Pavlus, 2). In terms of movement, the camera often wanders freely, glancing around objects and tracking characters using mobile framing. Such techniques are most evident in memory scenes, and some scenes in the present utilize more conventional framing, perhaps serving to accentuate the stark juxtaposition between memory and the present. In the scene where Joel and Clementine meet on the train, initial long and me dium shots become more intimate medium close ups and close ups as the awkward tension between them reduces and they begin to feel more comfortable conversing. Similarly, clever tricks of size perspective are used in the childhood kitchen scenes to achieve the illusion that Joel is child-sized. Cinematography techniques are also exploited to convey the effects of memory erasure in subjective scenes, and the most notable of these are disorienting blurring effects and racking of focus, where the lensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [is] refocused at various planesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ adjusting perspective relations (Bordwell and Thompson, 243). Finally, speed of motion is also occasionally altered within memory scenes, with normal and reverse fast-motion effects used (for example, when Joel is sketching the skeleton picture) to suggest an atmosphere of distorted temporality. The soundscape throughout the film is similarly used with great effect to evoke atmosphere and provide cues that generate audience reactions. Firstly, an internal diegetic voiceover is sometimes used, with Joels diary entries narrating certain scenes from both the present and within memories, encouraging viewers to sympathize with his plight. Some clever sound-image relations are also present, for example, when Joel hastily decides to squeeze through the doors of a leaving train, his voiceover ironically declares that he is not an impulsive person. Similarly, in a memory scene, Joel yells, its all falling apart to Clementine, as a car actually falls from the sky in the background. Indeed, a series of interesting sound techniques are implemented within memory scenes. For example, off-screen voiceovers of the memory technicians working in the present are often heard, reinforcing the fact that certain scenes are occurring subjectively within Joels mind. Effects such as degrading the sou nd quality, slightly asynchronous sound, which à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦occurs earlier or later than the events which we see in the image (Bordwell and Thompson, 337), and the use of a digital deleting sound-effect all serve to depict the erasing of Joels memories. Finally, in film, the rhythm, melody, harmony, and instrumentation of the music can strongly affect the viewers emotional reactions (Bordwell and Thompson, 325), which applies throughout Eternal Sunshine. For example, a playful woodwind scherzo accompanies Joel and Clementines meeting on the train, adding to the flirtatious tone of the scene. Similarly, a chromatically sliding cello often signifies disturbing moments, and the dissonant yet beautiful broken guitar chords in the beach-house scene serve to heighten the bittersweet atmosphere and affect the audiences emotions. The final stylistic element that requires analysis is the use of editing throughout Eternal Sunshine. Continuity, which is the style that generates the illusion of a smooth, unbroken continuity across cuts by focusing our attention on story and characters and away from style (Budd, Craig and Steinman, 112), is rather varied in the film, with certain memory scenes and most present scenes adhering to the conventions of this style. For example, in the dining dead scene, a series of shot-reverse shots and eye-line matches are used to depict Joel and Clementines tense conversation. Such techniques give the scene a paced interest and offer balanced character perspectives, whilst remaining easy and natural for viewers to follow. Also, a montage is used to convey a large quantity of information to viewers in a short amount of time when Joel goes home to gather all Clementine-related objects. Unlike scenes in the present, continuity is often radically altered in subjective scenes. For example , when Joel tries to turn Patrick around to face him in the bookstore, a series of quick jump cuts repeatedly prevent the action. Also, jump cuts are often used to suddenly change memory locations, or to entirely erase characters (especially Clementine) from scenes. Finally, it is necessary to examine the films closing scene and its implications. The ending, although slightly ambiguous, seems to be a rather tragic prediction of Joel and Clementines future. The final shots observe the couple walking away together along the snowy Montak beach, suggesting the possibly of a happy ending. Suddenly however, quick jump cuts loop and replay their actions multiple times, indicating that their relationship is destined to continually fail and recommence in an inevitable cycle of love and pain. Thus, with particular attention devoted to the opening shots, it has been argued that via its mise en scene, cinematography, sound, and editing, Eternal Sunshine successfully evokes atmosphere, defines character, and provides cues that generate audience reactions. Ultimately, these stylistic elements, in conjunction with the fragmented narrative structure of the film, subjectively portray the effects of memory erasure within Joels mind, whilst constructing a bittersweet tale of an inevitably failing romance. List of Works Cited: Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. Dir. Michel Gondry. Focus Features, 2004. Turner, G. Film as Social Practice IV. London: Routledge, 2006. Bordwell, D. and Thompson, K. Film Art: An Introduction. Fifth Edition. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1997. Budd, M., Craig, S. and Steinman, C. Continuity Style Editing. Consuming Environments: Television and Commercial Culture. London: Rutgers University Press, 1999. 112-123. Brooker, P. and Brooker, B. Postmodern After-Images: A Reader in Film, Television and Video. Sydney: London, 1997. Sperb, J. Internal Sunshine: Illuminating Being-Memory in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. Kritikos. 2 (2005):1-12. Pavlus, J. Forget Me Not American Cinematographer 85.4 (2004):1-3.